NVIDIA GeForce GTX 1070 8GB

The GeForce GTX 1070 was the volume Pascal card of 2016 and it is the cheapest 8 GB NVIDIA GPU that still turns up on GPU marketplaces in numbers. It runs 1,920 CUDA cores at a 1,683 MHz boost for about 6.46 TFLOPS FP32, with 8 GB of GDDR5 at 8 Gbps on a 256-bit bus for 256 GB/s, inside 150 W from a single eight-pin connector. Its appeal for compute was always the frame buffer rather than the arithmetic: 8 GB was generous in 2016 and is still enough for small models, while the throughput is roughly a fifteenth of a modern consumer card once low precision is in play. There are no Tensor Cores, no structured sparsity and no NVIDIA-published half-precision rate anywhere in the Pascal GeForce line, so everything runs in single precision.